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GHSR

Ghrelin was originally isolated from the stomach mucosa and functions as the ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Ghrelin functions to modulate hormone secretion, energy balance, gastric acid release, appetite, gastric motility, insulin secretion and the turnover of gastric and intestinal mucosa. The local production of ghrelin and GHSR has been observed in many tissues including the kidney, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, endocrine pancreas and placenta. Ghrelin induces cancer cell proliferation through the GHS-R/Ras/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Furthermore, ghrelin also promots oral cancer proliferation via modulation of GLUT1 expression. Ghrelin promotes cell migration and invasion by GHSR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway that the mechanism is proven to be blocked by the ghrelin receptor antagonist. Furthermore, ghrelin is reported to induce cell migration via regulating GHSR/CaMKII/AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Ghrelin plays an important role in several key processes of cancer progression, including cell proliferation, migration and invasion, the role of ghrelin in promoting or inhibiting cancer progression is still unclear.

References

1.Lin TC, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2017;1868(1):51–57.

GPCR/G Protein

ACAT(2) Angiotensin Receptor(19) Antibacterial(231) Bombesin Receptor(7) Bradykinin Receptor(3) Calcium Channel(78) cAMP(3) Cannabinoid Receptor(42) CaSR(15) CGRP Receptor(9) Chemokine Receptor(104) Cholecystokinin Receptor(10) CRF Receptor(2) Dopamine Receptor(61) Endothelin Receptor(10) FFAR(5) Galanin Receptor(1) GHSR(7) Glucagon Receptor(11) GPCR19(3) GPR119(3) Hedgehog (Hh)(23) Histamine Receptor(77) Imidazoline Receptor(1) Leukotriene Receptor(6) LHR(1) LPA Receptor(3) Lysophospholipid Receptor(13) mAChR(23) MCHR(2) Melanocortin Receptor(7) Melatonin Receptor(5) mGluR(10) Motilin Receptor(2) Neurokinin Receptor(11) Neuropeptide Y Receptor(1) Neurotensin Receptor(1) Orexin Receptor(11) Other Targets(1) OXTR(2) P2Y Receptor(6) PAR(7) Platelet-activating Factor Receptor(2) Prostaglandin Receptor(28) PTH Receptor(1) S1P Receptor(7) SGLT(18) Somatostatin Receptor(5) Urotensin Receptor(1) Vasopressin Receptor(7)