Lignoceric Acid is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) fatty acid and a by-product of lignin production, which is synthesized in the developing brain.

Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a recently identified intestinal epithelium-specific growth factor that has been shown to reduce the severity of inflammatory disorders of the intestine in rodent models. Currently Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 is used as a potential therapeutic agent for the human subjects with a broad variety of intestinal diseases characterized by intestinal damage and insufficiency.

5-Methylcytidine is a modified nucleoside derived from 5-methylcytosine and is a minor constituent of RNA as well as DNA for certain organisms.