Xylose or wood sugar is an aldopentose - a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5 and is 40% as sweet as sucrose.

Glycerol or glycerin is a colourless odourless viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and mostly non-toxic. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant and in pharmaceutical formulations.

Ovalbumins is the main protein found in egg whites. Ovalbumins have various biological activities such as antibacterial, anticancer, antihypertensive, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities.