7-hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-Linolenate is a γ-linolenic acid ester of 7-hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone) that behaves as a substrate for cPLA2. Hydrolysis of 7-hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-linolenate by phospholipase results in the release of the fluorescent compound 7-hydroxycoumarin which can be monitored spectrophotometrically (excitation at 335 nm, emission at 450 nm).

Aristolochic acid D is an aristolochic acid derivative isolated from stems of Aristolochia indica. Aristolochic acid is nephrotoxin and carcinogen.

12-Didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholi is a synthetic less hydrophobic phospholipid that has been found to be useful for enhancing the absorption of peptide drugs and hormones such as insulin.