Cutaneous carcinoma, or skin cancer, is a pre-eminent global public health problem. Skin cancer encompasses every ethnicity, socioeconomic and demographic cohort, geographic region, and covers the entire lifespan. Skin cancer represents the most common worldwide malignancy and its incidence shows no signs of plateauing.Intense asic research applying the most advanced technology as resulted in a deep understanding of he molecular biology and the genetic background f basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma and other malignancies a general summary of types of kin cancer, anatomy of normal skin, skin cancer athophysiology, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), quamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma.The mechanisms that lead to skin cancer or damage are complex and genotoxic stress is one of the major causes that lead to DNA damage. BCC occurs through hedgehog pathway, whereas SCC occurs due to DNA damage caused by genotoxic stress, Around 30–50% of melanoma show a BRAF mutation, while acral melanoma show above all a KIT aberration, ocular melanoma is more associated with GNAQ or GNA11 alterations, while, familialmelanoma is present in about 3–15% of melanoma cases and is characterized above all, for an alteration in gene CDKN2A, that produces the protein p16 (a protein that inhibits the G1 cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6). Finally, other genetic alterations most involved in melanoma are PTEN, MC1R, N-RAS and K-RAS.

References

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