Pro-TGF-a

Ganodermanondiol exhibits potent cytoprotective effects on t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity in human liver-derived HepG2 cells, presumably through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes and AMPK.

D-proline is an isomer of the naturally occurring amino acid L-Proline. D-amino acids have been found in relatively high abundance in human plasma and saliva. These amino acids may be of bacterial origin but there is also evidence that they are endogenously produced through amino acid racemase activity.