(+)-Lirinidine has antioxidative activity, and it can significantly inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells; it also shows potent inhibition of melanogenesis.

24-dinitrophenol is a toxic dye chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid) used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation.

5-Methoxy-DL-tryptophan is a molecule produced by endothelial cells to modulate inflammatory responses and protect against systemic inflammation.