Ethylmalonic acid can be found in blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine as well as in human fibroblasts prostate and skeletal muscle tissues. Moreover ethylmalonic acid is found to be associated with anorexia nervosa and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. Ethylmalonic acid is a non-carcinogenic potentially toxic compound.

Alloisoimperatorin is a candidate of AChE inhibitors, it displays potent antioxidant effects against the DPPH radical and against renal epithelial cell injury by using AAPH to generate peroxyl radicals in vitro.

Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is an alkaloid found in several different plant species, mainly in the Corydalis genus (Yan Hu Suo), but also in other plants such as Stephania rotunda.