Pentigetide is a sythsis pepetide (Asp-Ser-Asp-Pro-Arg or D-S-D-P-R), also know as “HEPP” for “Human IgE Pentapeptide”. Pentigetide can not produce IgE inhibition in several different systems, due to the aspartic acids in HEPP changed into an asparagine.

GPNA hydrochloride is specific glutamine (Gln) transporter ASCT2(SLC1A5) inhibitor. GPNA reversibly induces apoptosis in A549 cells. GPNA hydrochloride is a well-known substrate of the enzyme γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT).

25S-Inokosterone and 25R-inokosterone exhibit potent inhibition (80-95% at ) against TNF-expression levels in A23187 plus phorbol-myrisrate acetate-induced RBL-2H3 cells, they have excellent anti-atopy activity, thus they could be used to a large range of functional anti-atopy cosmetics.