Potent and selective KV1.3 channel blocker (IC50 values are 0.0019 and 0.65 nM for KV1.3 and KV1.1, respectively). Inhibits CD4+ CCR7- T cell activation. Ameliorates rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, in a model for multiple sclerosis.

TNF-α (31-45), human (TFA) is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

Tibesaikosaponin V (TKV) is a triterpene diglycoside, which can be isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.. Tibesaikosaponin V inhibits lipid accumulation and triacylglycerol content occurred without cytotoxicity to adipocytes. Tibesaikosaponin V suppresses the mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα). Tibesaikosaponin V inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Tibesaikosaponin V can be used fro research of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.