KRA-533 is a potent KRAS agonist. KRA-533 binds to the GTP/GDP binding pocket in the KRAS protein to prevent GTP cleavage, resulting in the accumulation of constitutively active GTP-bound KRAS that triggers both apoptotic and autophagic cell death pathways in cancer cells.

Kaempferol-3-O-(2''-O-β-D-glucopyl)-β-D-rutinoside is a naturally occurring glycoside present in the seeds of Camellia oleifera.

Bromotheophylline is the active moiety of pamabrom, a mixture of 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol and bromotheophylline.