Acid Ceramidase-IN-1 is a highly effective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of acid ceramidase (AC, ASAH-1) with an IC50 of 0.166 μM and exhibits exceptional brain penetration capabilities in mice.

3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-hydroxy-DL-Kynurenine) is an active metabolite of tryptophan and inhibits yeast and rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase by 97 and 69%.

Gluten Exorphin A5 is a fragment from wheat gluten with neuroprotective effects. Gluten Exorphin A5 produces various effects not only in the peripheral nervous systems but also in the central nervous system.