5-Hydroxymethyluracil is an oxidation damage product derived from thymine or 5-methylcytosine. It is a product of thymine dioxygenase. Additional deamination products such as 5-hydroxymethyluracil are formed when cells are under oxidative stress that is induced either by oxidizing agents or by mitochondrial dysfunction.

The herbs of Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma.

CKS-17 is a synthetic retroviral envelope peptide. CKS-17 has the highly conserved amino acid sequences occurring within the transmembrane envelope protein of many animal and human retroviruses. CKS-17 acts as an immunomodulatory epitope and exhibits suppressive properties for numerous immune functions.