1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde also known as 3-formylindole or 3-indolealdehyde belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indoles. Indoles are compounds containing an indole moiety which consists of pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 23-benzopyrrole.

Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt activates the signal transducing G proteins which are involved in various cellular processes including proliferation differentiation and activation of several intracellular kinase cascades.Proliferation and apoptosis are regulated in part by the hydrolysis of GTP by small GTPases Ras and Rho.

Methionine sulfoxide can be regarded as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo.?Methionine sulfoxide is an oxidation product of methionine with reactive oxygen species.?