Taccalonolide AJ is a microtubule stabilizer; it has excellent and highly persistent antitumor efficacy when administered directly to the tumor, suggesting that the lack of antitumor efficacy seen with systemic administration of AJ is likely due to its short half-life in vivo.

2-Methoxycinnamic acid can enhance inhibition of tyrosinase activity.

Pyrrolidine is a flavoring agent which could be found in the leaves of tobacco and carrot.