Isorhoifolin and vicenin II are main compounds of ethyl acetate fraction (EAcF) obtained from Erythrina velutina leaves, EAcF increases the cardiac contractile force by increasing the l-type calcium current and activating the adrenergic receptor pathway.

Syringaresinol is a lignan extracted from the sap of Lobelia longifolia with anti-inflammatory activity. syringaresinol causes vasodilation and enhances NO production through phosphorylation and dimerization of endothelial NO synthase.

Emixustat (ACU-4429) is a first in class small-molecule inhibitor of the visual cycle isomerase (RPE65) with IC50 of 4.4 nM.