Letolizumab (BMS-986004) is a dimeric antibody targeting CD40L for the expression of mutant IgG1 that lacks effector functions including Fc binding and complement binding.

Hederagenin 3-O-(2-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinopyranoside) significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the level of protein expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OC) .

1-O-Oleyl-rac-glycerol also known as monoolein is a surfactant that releases free glycerol and oleic acid upon hydrolysis.