Speract TFA is a sea urchin egg peptide that regulates sperm motility, also stimulates sperm mitochondrial metabolism.The stimulation of sperm with speract depolarizes the mitochondrion and increases the levels of NADH.?Surprisingly, these responses are independent of external Ca(2+) and are due to the increase in intracellular pH (pHi) induced by speract.?

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an anionic nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective epithelial and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans in that it is nonsulfated forms in the plasma membrane instead of the Golgi and can be very large with its molecular weight often reaching the millions.

This is a HLA-A*0201 restricted epitope used in melanoma studies.