KL-50 is a selective toxin toward tumors that lack the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), which reverses the formation of O6-alkylguanine lesions. KL-50 activates DNA damage response pathways and cycle arrest in MGMT-cells, independent of mismatch repair (MMR). KL-50 is promising for research of brain tumors that lack the DNA repair protein MGMT.

Sodium citrate (Natrocitral) is the sodium salt of citric acid.Citric acid trisodium induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase.

Anemarrhenasaponin I shows the remarkable inhibiting effect on platelet aggregation.