D-Pyroglutamic acid (PCA) is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid physiologically present in mammalian tissues. It has been shown that PCA releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and displays anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in the rat.

Melongenamides B-D and Cannabisin F have anti-inflammatory activity, they exhibit inhibitions of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values ranging from 16.2 to 58.5 uM.

Carlinoside could be a worthy choice to intervene hyperbilirubinemia due to liver dysfunction. Carlinoside upregulates Nrf2 gene expression, increases its nuclear translocation and stimulates UGT1A1 promoter activity.