A cell-permeable synthetic peptide NEMO-binding domain peptide (NBD peptide) corresponding to the NEMO amino-terminal alpha-helical region is shown to block TNF-alpha-induced NF-kB activation. The interaction of IKγNEMO with the IKK complex is vital for the activation of the IKK complex and the subsequent activation of NF-kB.

25-Furandicarboxylic acid is a normal urinary metabolite in humans. 25-Furandicarboxylic acid is also a microbial metabolite a product of the oxidation of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by the enzyme furfural/HMF oxidoreductase which is found in the bacterium Cupriavidus basilensis.

1-Undecanol is a natural product in many foods such as fruits butter eggs and cooked pork is used as a flavoring ingredient.?