4’-Bromomethyl-2-cyanobiphenyl is a halogenated benzonitrile used in protein-binding studies of quinoxaline angiotensin II receptor antagonists.

This is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1 a) 19-mer fragment. HIF-1 functions as master regulator of response to oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia-induced gene expression is initiated when HIF-1 subunit is stabilized in response to a lack of oxygen. This part of HIF-1 binds to the von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the proline 564 is absolutely critical to the binding process.

Tyroserleutide TFA, isolated from the degradation products of porcine spleen, is a small molecular tripeptide which inhibits tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo.