Semustine, a DNA alkylating agent, is a cancer chemotherapy compound that is nephrotoxic in patients with malignant melanoma receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of leukemia.

Albiflorin and paeoniflorin has neuroprotective action against Glu toxicity.

Antho-rwamide I is a neuropeptide that can be isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. Antho-rwamide I is resistant to nonspecific aminopeptidases, which increases the stability of the peptide after neuronal release.