Ethyl Maltol is an extract from medicinal plants such as P. Incarnata and can be used as an anticonvulsant. It is also a common flavoring.

Methoxatin disodium salt an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone is a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases. It is an efficient electron transfer catalyst from a number of organic substrates to molecular oxygen (O2) constructing quinoprotein model reactions.

p-Cresol (4-methylphenol) is a partially lipophilic moiety which strongly binds to plasma protein (close to 100%) under normal conditions. p-Cresol is metabolized through conjugation mainly sulphation and glucuronization but removal of the unconjugated p-cresol is at least in part via the urine.