Aristolochic acids are a family of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic compounds commonly found in the Birthwort (Aristolochiaceae) family of plants.

ML-109 is a potent agonist of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) (EC50 of 40 nM)ML-109 is a full agonist at TSHR with an EC50 of 40 nM,has no activity at FSHR or LHCGR.

Glucosilsteviol is a sophorose component of steviol replaced by glucose.