2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone enhances apoptosis of U937 cells,in part,through activation of p-p38MAPK and downregulation of p-ERK1/2; triggers caspase-3 activation mediated apoptotic induction.

VK-28 is a brain permeable iron chelator with neuroprotection. VK-28 inhibits basal as well as iron-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation.

1-Phenylethanol has a nongenotoxic mode of action responsible for the lung and liver tumors observed in mice following 2 years of inhalation exposure to ethylbenzene.