PA22-2 (free acid) (Cys-Laminin A chain 2091-2108) is a peptide that supports neurite outgrowth and stimulates neuronal-like process formation. PA22-2 (free acid) can be used to culture human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells, and in the preparation of peptide-functionalized supported phospholipid bilayers.

Sanggenone H may have antiphlogistic activity, it attenuated the secretion of TNF-α± and IL-1α2 and inhibited the NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

Lactose is the major sugar present in milk and the main source of energy supplied to the newborn mammalian in its mother's milk.