Lactose is the major sugar present in milk and the main source of energy supplied to the newborn mammalian in its mother's milk. Lactose is also an important osmotic regulator of lactation.

Thymosin β10Arg is a thymosin β4-like peptide that contains an additional amino acid, arginine, inserted following lysine-38.

Lem-14-1189, a LEM-14 derivative, is a potent NSD inhibitor of the nuclear receptor binding SET domain, and has inhibitory effects on NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3, with IC50 of 418 μM, 111 μM, and 60 μM, respectively.