2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid glucose ester shows a potent antagonistic activity against platelet activating factor (PAF), it can prevent the mice from the PAF-induced death at a dose of 300 micrograms/mouse.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that can donate electrons as part of a reducing reaction. In that process NADH becomes oxidized to produce NAD+. A variety of enzymes use NADH plus H+ to reduce substrates generating NAD+ as well as the reduced product.

Gymnoside IX (compound 2) can be isolated from the methanolic extract from the tubers of Gymnadenia conopsea.