N-Acetylaspartic acid is a derivative of aspartic acid. It is the second most concentrated molecule in the brain after the amino acid glutamate. It is synthesized in neurons from the amino acid aspartate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA).

Brassinosteroids are a class of phytohormones with essential roles in plant growth and development including the promotion of stem elongation and cell division. Brassinazole is a triazole-type brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor.

Davunetide is an eight amino acid snippet derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a neurotrophic factor that exists in the mammalian CNS. Davunetide possesses neuroprotective, neurotrophic and cognitive protective roperties. Davunetide, a microtubule-stabilizing peptide, interacts with and stabilises neuron-specific βIII-tubulin in vitro. Davunetide penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is non-toxic.Davunetide inhibits Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity.