Cichoric acid has been shown to inhibit hyaluronidase and HIV-1 integrase, and to possess phagoeytosis stimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo and antiviral acitivy.

5-Methylcytosine is a methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In animals the DNA methylation of cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In plants the methylated sequence is CpNpGp where N can be any base. 5-Methylcytosine is an epigenetic modification formed by the action of DNA methyltransferases.

Phosphorylated Protein Kinase C Substrate 2