[Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) is a mutant peptide fragment of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), with the tryptophan and histidine at positions 144 and 147 respectively replaced by leucine and arginine. [Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) also serves as a T cell receptor (TCR) antagonist for encephalitogenic Th1 clones, blocking their activation in vitro. Furthermore, [Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) can inhibit the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride has significantly higher antioxidant activity than the Fe2+ control. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside causes problems in digestibility, may be important dietary supplements with beneficial health effects.

Isocorynoxeine shows the effects of lowering blood pressure, vasodilatation, and protection against ischemia-induced neuronal damage.