This LL-37 peptide is acetylated on the N-terminus and amidated on the C-terminus.It plays a key role in the first line of defense against local infection and systemic invasion of pathogens at sites of inflammation and wounds.

Methyl 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate is a pyrazine that is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group at position 2 and an amino group at position 3.

Jatrorrhizine chloride is a potent and orally active uptake-2 transporter inhibitor. It exhibits a critical neuroprotective role in H2O2-induced apoptosis via inhibition of the MAPK pathway in HT22 hippocampal neurons.