(Z)-PUGNAc, a potent O-GlcNAcase inhibitor more active than (E)-PUGNAc, removes O-GlcNAc from proteins (peptide O-GlcNAc-β-N-acetylaminoglucosidase) and can be used to increase levels of O-GlcNAc on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in vivo.

RH01386 is a small molecule that can prevent ER stress-induced β cell dysfunction and death, and inhibits proapoptotic gene expression,has the potential for type 2 diabetes treatment. RH01386 restores ER stress-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion responses.

Thionin acetate is a metachromatic cationic histology dye used in biological staining widely.