NADPH tetrasodium salt is the reduced form of the electron acceptor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and acts as an electron donor in various biological reactions.

MM0299 is brain permeable, has anti-glioblastoma activity, inhibits lanosterol synthase (LSS), and induces EPC production in in situ GBM tumors.

MS48107 is a potent and selective positive allosteric modulator of G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68). It is selective for GPR68 over the closely related proton GPCRs, neurotransmitter transporters, and hERG ion channels. It can readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice.