Galgravin has anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, it can promote neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth, protect hippocampal neurons against amyloid beta peptide (Abeta25-35)-induced cytotoxicity, and protect against neuronal death from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced toxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.

(R)-Isomucronulatol (2H-1-Benzopyran-7-ol), a flavonoid that can be extracted from the leaves of Astragalus membranaceus, Sophora japonica, Sclerotium tigrinum, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, inhibits the proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs in the TNF-α microenvironment.

Targapremir-210 (TGP-210) is a selective and potent inhibitor of miRNA-210 (miRNA-210), which inhibits pre-miR-210 processing and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells.