Cyclo(Pro-Gly) is an active metabolite of piracetam-N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine (GWS-111), it shows a greater resistance to an enzymatic effect than natural neuropeptides. Cyclo-(Gly-Pro) shows cytotoxicity at the concentration of 10 umol/L, it inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.8, 0.8 g/L.

2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2PGA) is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis. It is catalyzed by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) the penultimate step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate.

Deacetylcinobufagin a natural product shows potent activities against Hela and A375 cells in vitro.