This is amino acids 86 to 100 fragment of class II-associated invariant chain peptide called CLIP. The major histocompatibility complex class II molecule displays peptide fragments of foreign proteins to trigger a defensive reaction from the immune system. Before insertion of the foreign peptides into the binding groove, a place-holding peptide CLIP is removed. This is accomplished by the molecule DM, which is shown to increase the dissociation rate of a CLIP peptide from class II.

VK-28 is a brain permeable iron chelator with neuroprotection. VK-28 inhibits basal as well as iron-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation.

Annphenone is a natural product for research related to life sciences.