Kojibiose is a disaccharide in honey. Kojibiose is a product of the caramelization of glucose.

β-Endorphin, an endogenous opioid neuropeptide, is an opioid receptor agonist. β-Endorphin binds preferentially to μ-opioid receptors and is produced in certain neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system and is one of three endorphins produced in humans. β-Endorphin can be used to reduce stress and maintain homeostasis in the body and is involved in neurological pain perception regulation.

DL-Menthol has short term toxicity in rats, it plays a role in the induction of surgical anesthesia in fishes, related at least in part to the activation of GABAA receptors.