Lactic acid is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule consisting of two optical isomers L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. Lactic acid also is a microbial metabolite.

Chlorobenzuron is a chitin synthetase inhibitor, acts as an insecticide. Chlorobenzuron can inhibit larvae development and pupate.

Neuromedin U-25 human is the active form of neuromedin U in human. Neuromedin U-25 human inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which leads to early-onset obesity. Neuromedin U-25 serves as vasoconstrictor in human vascular beds.