Norvaline is a non-proteinogenic branched-chain amino acid. It has previously been reported to be a natural component of an antifungal peptide of Bacillus subtilis. Norvaline and other modified branched chain amino acids have received attention in recent studies as they appear to be incorporated in some recombinant proteins found in E. coli.

3,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester shows high efficiency and low toxicity with antivirus activity against RSV; it exhibits cytotoxicity actions against human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells.

Glycolithocholic acid is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid, a bile acid. It is increased in livers of mice that are fed diets supplemented with ursadeoxycholic acid.