Brassinolide is a plant hormone. The first isolated brassinosteroid, it was discovered when it was shown that pollen from rapeseed (Brassica napus) could promote stem elongation and cell division.

(±)13-HODE is one of the two racemic monohydroxy fatty acids resulting from the non-enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid.

Chitin is a large, structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of insects, and certain hard structures in fish and invertebrates.