Bifendatatum is commonly used to treat the transaminase elevation that caused by viral hepatitis and drug induced liver injury.

Agmatine sulfate is a bioactive metabolite of the arginine amino acid. It exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets such as neurotransmitter systems ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.

H-Gly-Arg-Ala-Asp-Ser-Pro-OH (GRADSP) is a negative control peptide of GRGDdSP.