Galantide, a non-specific galanin receptor antagonist, is a peptide consisting of fragments of galanin and substance P. Galantide recognizes two classes of galanin binding sites (KD<0.1 nM and ~6 nM) in the rat hypothalamus. Galantide dose dependently (IC50=1.0 nM) antagonizes the galanin-mediated inhibition of the glucose-induced insulin secretion from mouse pancreatic islets. Galantide appears to bind to a single population of SP receptors (KD~40 nM).

Pepinemab(VX 15/2503) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting sematone 4D.

PUMA BH3 is a p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) BH3 domain peptide, acts as a direct activator of Bak, with a Kd of 26 nM.This is a PUMA BH3 domain peptide. PUMA proteins bind Bcl-2, localize to the mitochondria, and induce cytochrome C release and apoptosis in response to p53. PUMA may be a direct mediator of p53-induced apoptosis.