This is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1 a) 19-mer fragment. HIF-1 functions as master regulator of response to oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia-induced gene expression is initiated when HIF-1 subunit is stabilized in response to a lack of oxygen. This part of HIF-1 binds to the von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the proline 564 is absolutely critical to the binding process.

Delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside chloride is an anthocyanin chloride compound. It is formed by combining Delphinidin (an anthocyanin with a natural purple color) with the 3-O-arabinoside group. Delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside can be isolated from Rhododendron and is in the form of furanose.

(D-Pro2,D-Phe7,D-Trp9)-Substance P