Phlorizin is a non-selective SGLT inhibitor found in apple, for hSGLT1( Ki=300 nM) and hSGLT2( Ki=39 nM) .

Zederone has anti-bacterial activity,it inhibits gram-positive bacteria activity. Zederone induces hepatotoxicity implicated the induction of Cyps, which leads to the formation of biological reactive metabolites and that cause the oxidative stress and liver cell injuries.

Vasicinone may act as a hepatoprotective agent. (±)-Vasicinone has significant antitussive, expectorant, and bronchodilating activities.