TAT (48-57) (TFA) is a cellular permeability peptide derived from hiv-1 transcriptional activator (TAT) protein residue 48-57.

DL-Alanine is an amino acid that is a racemic compound of L- and D-alanine.DL-Alanine is often used as a reducing and capping agent in conjunction with aqueous silver nitrate for nanoparticle generation.DL-Alanine is a sweetening agent, and can be grouped with glycine and sodium saccharin.

PE(14:0/14:0) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE or GPEtn). It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylethanolamine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. PE(14:0/14:0) in particular consists of two chains of myristic acid at the C-1 and C-2 positions. The myristic acid moieties are derived from nutmeg and butter.