PACAP (1-38), a novel neuropeptide isolated from the bovine hypothalamus is more active than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in stimulating adenylate cyclase (EC50=7 nM). PACAP 1-38 (10-9 M) increased substance P (SP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), and VIP release. PACAP 1-38 (10-8 M) inhibited gastrin secretion and stimulated somatostatin secretion and motility dose-dependently.

TBMP is the viral envelope protein hemagglutinin (HA)-mediated entry novel inhibitor.

Odoroside A is an active ingredient extracted from the leaves of Nerium oleander Linn. Odoroside A has anti-cancer activity. Odoroside A could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through ROS/p53 signaling pathway, leading to the tumor cell death.