Norvaline is a non-proteinogenic branched-chain amino acid. It has previously been reported to be a natural component of an antifungal peptide of Bacillus subtilis. Norvaline and other modified branched chain amino acids have received attention in recent studies as they appear to be incorporated in some recombinant proteins found in E. coli.

Delicious peptide is a small linear octapeptide with delicious taste, can be isolated from the gravy of beef meat. Delicious peptide has savory flavor, is also described as beefy meaty peptide and a beef flavor enhancer.

Lithospermate B is a natural product activates eNOS and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by enhancing vasodilation in addition to reducing oxidative stress, it can protecte cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury through specific inhibition of TAB1-p38 apoptosis signaling.