Senecivernine is a natural product of Senecio, Asteraceae. Senecivernine can be used as a reference standard.

Cholesterol myristate is a natural steroid present in traditional Chinese medicine. Cholesterol myristate binds to several ion channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor GABAA receptor and the inward-rectifier potassium ion channel.

Amylopectin is a highly branched polysaccharide based on glucose. It forms starch together with amylose. The glycosidic bond of amylopectin is α- Glucan chain α- 1, 4 and branching points α- 1，6。