Melezitose is a nonreducing trisaccharide sugar that is produced by many plant sap-eating insects, including aphids such as Cinara pilicornis by an enzyme reaction.

γ-L-Glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine is a naturally occurring organosulfur compound found in garlic.

Cheilanthifoline has anti-osteoclastogenic property, it gives significant inhibitions on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages into multinucleated osteoclasts.