Dihydroartemisinin is widely used as an intermediate in the preparation of other artemisinin-derived antimalarial drugs, is recommended as the first-line anti-malarial drug with low toxicity. Dihydroartemisinin possesses promising anticancer activities and induce cancer cell death through apoptotic pathways.

Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring.

Tyramine hydrochloride is a biogenic trace amine that is generated via the decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine?exhibiting neuromodulatory properties as well as cardiovascular and immunological effects.